C-C motif chemokine 18 (Alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine 1,AMAC-1,CC chemokine PARC,Dendritic cell chemokine 1,DC-CK1,Macrophage inflammatory protein 4,MIP-4,Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine,Small-inducible cytokine A18) [Cleaved into: CCL18(1-68), CCL18(3-69), CCL18(4-69)]
This antimicrobial gene is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 17. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. It may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014],function:Chemotactic factor that attracts lymphocytes but not monocytes or granulocytes. May be involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles in lymph nodes. Attracts naive T-lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes, has chemotactic activity for naive T-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and thus may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses.,induction:Specifically induced in macrophages by IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10. Expression is inhibited by IFN-gamma while glucocorticoids exert a slightly positive synergistic effect in combination with IL-4. Strongly induced in several human cell lines, including monocytic U937 cells, by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Induced in PBMC by staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA and SEB.,mass spectrometry: PubMed:11745396,online information:CCL18 entry,similarity:Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.,tissue specificity:Expressed at high levels in lung, lymph nodes, placenta, bone marrow, dendritic cells present in germinal centers and T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs and macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes. Not expressed by peripheral blood monocytes and a monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is a prerequisite for expression. Expressed in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid and septic arthritis and in ovarian carcinoma ascitic fluid.,
